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Audi A4, S4since 2000 releaseRepair and operation of the car |
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Audi A4, S4 + Introduction - Governing bodies and methods of safe operation Governing bodies and devices Information system of the driver (FIS) Unlocking and locking of the car Lighting and providing review Seats and niches Heater, ventilation and conditioner of air Automatic Transmission (AT) Communication and navigation Universal remote radio control of HOME LINK® Security systems Features of operation and auxiliary systems Running in Towage of the trailer In case of emergency Gas station of the car + Current leaving and service + Engine + Cooling systems, heating and air conditioner + Power supply systems, release and decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases + Systems of electric equipment of the engine + Manual box of gear shifting + Automatic transmission + Coupling, power shafts and differential + Brake system + Suspension bracket and steering + Body + Onboard electric equipment |
Features of operation and auxiliary systems Regulation of provision of a steering wheel
Ignition lock Models with the petrol engine
Ignition is switched off (1) In situation (1) ignition is switched off, the engine does not work and the steering wheel can be locked. For locking of a steering wheel take out a key from the lock and turn a wheel before its heard fixing. At escape of the car always lock a steering wheel. It potential stealing of the car is at a loss. Ignition is included (situation "it is included for the movement") (2) If the key turns hardly or at all does not turn in this situation, it is necessary turn a steering wheel for unloading of the anti-theft device a little. Start of the engine (3) In this situation the engine naviditsya. Thus there is a switching of light of headlights on parking fires, and also shutdown of powerful consumers of the electric power. After start of the engine the ignition key comes back to situation (2). Before each subsequent start of the engine return the ignition key in situation (1). Blocking of restart in the lock of ignition prevents damage of a starter, excepting gearing of its gear wheel with a gear wreath of a flywheel at already working engine.
Models with the diesel engine Fuel supply (ignition is switched off) is stopped (1) In situation (1) fuel supply is stopped, the engine does not work and the steering wheel can be locked. For locking of a steering wheel take out a key from the lock and turn a wheel before its heard fixing. At escape of the car always lock a steering wheel. It potential stealing of the car is at a loss. Provision of inclusion of preheat and situation "it is included for the movement" (2) In this situation preheat is possible. During preheat of the engine do not include powerful consumers of current not to overload it is useless the accumulator. If the key turns hardly or at all does not turn in this situation, it is necessary turn a steering wheel for unloading of the anti-theft device a little. Start of the engine (3) In this situation the engine is started. Thus there is a switching of light of headlights on parking fires, and also shutdown of powerful consumers of the electric power. After start of the engine the ignition key comes back to situation (2). Before each subsequent start of the engine return the ignition key in situation (1). Blocking of restart in the lock of ignition prevents damage of a starter, excepting gearing of its gear wheel with a gear wreath of a flywheel at already working engine. Blocking of a key in the ignition lock The key from the lock of ignition of model with automatic transmission can be taken only when finding the lever of the selector in the situation "P". After ignition switching off the key can be taken from the ignition lock only when finding the lever of the selector in the situation "P" (parking blocking). After that the lever of the selector is blocked. Start of the engine Introduction The engine can be started only an original key of Audi.
After cold start the engine short time can work with the strengthened noise, the necessary pressure of oil in system of hydrocompensation of a gap of valves will not be established yet. This normal phenomenon which should not cause alarm. If the engine is not started... See Start of the engine from the auxiliary battery and Poddomkrachivaniye and towage of Introduction.
Petrol engine
At start of the engine, cold or heated-up up to the working temperature, do not press a pedal of an accelerator neither before inclusion of a starter, nor during its work. If the engine was not started at once, about 10 seconds later stop attempt of start and repeat it approximately in half-minute. After start of very hot engine it can be necessary slightly, press an accelerator pedal. Diesel engine
System of preheat Diesel engines are equipped with system of preheat. Necessary time of preheat is defined by temperature of cooling liquid and external temperature. In the period of preheat do not include powerful consumers of current in vain not to overload the accumulator. Start the engine at once as soon as the control lamp of preheat goes out. At start of the engine, heated-up up to the working temperature, and also at a temperature of air above +8 °C the control lamp of system of preheat lights up approximately for one second. It means that the engine can be started at once. If the engine was not started at once, about 10 seconds later stop attempt of start and repeat it approximately in half-minute. Start of the engine after a full expenditure of fuel If the full expenditure of a reserve of diesel fuel in a tank took place, after gas station process of start of the engine can last more long than the usual - about one minute. It is connected with need of removal of air from fuel system during start of the engine. Switching off of the engine
Emergency brake Completely tightened emergency brake obstructs the involuntary traffic of the car. Tightening of the emergency brake The emergency brake is tightened by the movement of the lever up to an emphasis. Release of the emergency brake
At the movement on rashness with the tightened emergency brake sounding of a buzzer (a sound signal) is distributed and on the display there is an instruction: Handbremse angezogen (will tighten the emergency brake) This prevention appears at the movement more than 3 seconds with a speed more than 5 km/h. The prevention dies away right after removal of the car from the emergency brake. At the tightened emergency brake and the included ignition the control lamp of the emergency brake burns.
Parking In order to avoid the involuntary movement of the parked car adhere to rules below.
In addition at the parking on rises and biases So turn a wheel that the car in case of the involuntary movement rested against curbstone. The acoustic help at a parking The help at a parking behind (the 4-channel device of the help at a parking) The help device at a parking signals about obstacles behind. Description At the movement by a backing the 4-channel device by means of ultrasonic sensors measures distance to an obstacle. Sensors are in a rear bumper. Sensors start reacting when finding an obstacle in distance approximately:
Inclusion The help device at a parking turns on at inclusion of transfer of a backing. It is confirmed by a short sound signal. Movement by a backing The warning sound signal at the movement by a backing starts sounding at recognition of an obstacle (range of distances is specified above). With reduction of distance to an obstacle temporary pauses between sound impulses are reduced. At distance less than 0.30 m sound a continuous signal. It means the obligatory termination of the movement by a backing. The low obstacles registered by sensors can, as approaching them, cease to be fixed by system and will be absent respectively a warning sound signal. Operation of the trailer On cars with the traction coupling device installed at manufacturer at operation of the trailer and inclusion of transfer of a backing the help device at a parking does not turn on. Malfunction of the device Sounding within several seconds of a warning sound signal at inclusion of ignition means malfunction of the device. Existence of malfunction up to switching off of ignition testifies that the system will not work in repeated attempt of its inclusion. Eliminate malfunction. If the system is faulty, at inclusion of transfer of a backing the confirming sound signal is absent. For ensuring operability of the device of the help at a parking keep sensors clean and free from ice.
The 8-channel device of the help at a parking
Description At the movement by the back or forward course the 8-channel device by means of ultrasonic sensors measures distance to an obstacle. For measurement of distance in a front and rear bumper are established on four sensors (2 on the center, 2 on each side). Sensors start reacting when finding an obstacle in distance:
Inclusion The help device at a parking automatically turns on at inclusion of transfer of a backing. It is confirmed by a short sound signal. The device can be turned on also manually pressing of a key of the central console Manual turning on of the device is necessary at a car parking a front bumper or at approach to an obstacle a front bumper and your desire to use the device. Shutdown The help device at a parking is automatically switched-off approximately at a speed more than 15 km/h. Besides, the device is switched-off at an engine stop. The help device at a parking can be switched-off also a key Signal tonality The warning of the driver of distance to an obstacle is carried out by means of sound signals of lobbies and back sound sensors. The loudness and height of a sound of signals can be changed. Movement by a backing The warning sound signal at the movement by a backing starts sounding at recognition of an obstacle (range of distances will be sheltered above). With reduction of distance to an obstacle temporary pauses between sound impulses are reduced. At distance less than 0.30 m sound a continuous signal. It means the obligatory termination of the movement by a backing.
Advance The warning of distance to an obstacle is carried out the same as at the movement by a backing. However recognition of an obstacle comes at shorter distance from the car. Maneuvering Sound signals are temporarily disconnected if you when maneuvering switch transfer (for example, transfer of the back/forward course). However as soon as the system will register approach to an obstacle, the warning signal again will begin to sound. Operation of the trailer On cars with the traction coupling device of a factory complete set at operation of the trailer and inclusion of transfer of a backing back sensors of the device of the help at a parking do not join, and there is no warning of approach to an obstacle. Forward sensors continue to be in working situation and warn about approach to an obstacle a front bumper. Malfunction of the device Sounding within several seconds of a continuous sound signal at inclusion of transfer of a backing or turning on of the device a key, and also a light-emitting diode blinking in a key testifies to malfunction of system. Existence of malfunction up to switching off of ignition testifies that in repeated attempt of inclusion of system in a key the light-emitting diode will blink and there will be no acoustic signal. Eliminate malfunction. If the system is faulty, at turning on of the device of the help at a parking the confirming sound signal is absent. For ensuring operability of the device of the help at a parking keep sensors clean and free from ice. The low obstacles caught by sensors can, as approaching them, cease to be fixed by system and will be absent respectively a warning sound signal. Also such subjects as protecting chains, dyshlo the trailer, the thin varnished vertical bars or fencings are not perceived by system under certain circumstances and can lead to damage of the car. Tempostat Introduction Tempostat supports the set speed. By means of this system - within the opportunities determined by power engine/efficiency of braking by the engine - it is possible to support any set speed, beginning approximately from 30 km/h. Thanks to it it is not required to hold a foot on an accelerator pedal that is especially convenient at distant trips. During the operation of the device in a control panel the control lamp burns On cars with a manual box of gear shifting at the included system do not switch to neutral transfer without squeezing of a pedal of coupling! Otherwise perhaps sharp increase in turns of the engine that in certain circumstances is fraught with its breakage! At the movement on the road with a strong bias tempostat cannot support the set speed. Speed increases thanks to the mass of the equipped car. Therefore in due time switch to a low gear or brake a brake pedal. Programming of speed The current speed needs to be programmed. Governing bodies tempostaty
PERFORMANCE ORDER After a button otpuskaniye (in) there is a programming and maintenance of the current speed. Change of the programmed speed The programmed speed can be changed. Increase in speed PERFORMANCE ORDER Reduction of speed PERFORMANCE ORDER Speed can be increased over the programmed value pressing of a pedal of an accelerator. After a pedal otpuskaniye the system will adjust speed with return to earlier programmed size. It does not belong to cases of excess of the programmed speed on more than 10 km/h over 5 minutes. In this case anew program speed. Short-term pressing of the handle 0 By each short-term pressing of the handle 0 up, in the direction (+), speed increases approximately by 2 km/h. By each short-term pressing of the handle 0 down, in the direction (-), speed decreases approximately by 2 km/h. Temporary shutdown of system Temporary shutdown of a tempostat happens in the following cases: At temporary shutdown the programmed speed remains in memory. For reproduction of the programmed speed release a pedal of a brake or coupling and transfer the handle (And) to situation (1). If at the time of temporary shutdown the necessary speed was not programmed, it can be programmed as follows: At the movement with the necessary speed press and release the button (B) (SET). Blackout of system During the movement PERFORMANCE ORDER On the motionless car PERFORMANCE ORDER Electronic antistrange system (ESP) ESP switch of the central console ESP increases efficiency of control of dynamics of the movement of the car in extraordinary situations, for example, at dispersal and on turns. ESP reduces danger of drift under any traffic conditions and by that improves stability of the car during the movement in all range of speeds. The device of anti-blocking of brakes (ABS), electronic blocking of differential (ESP) and antiprobuksovochny system (ASR) are a part of electronic antistrange system. Principle of action Along with obtained during the operation of these devices as data, the ESP control unit needs the additional parameters received from highly sensitive sensors. Speed of rotation of the car round its vertical axis, cross acceleration, pressure is measured in the hydraulic drive of brakes and turn of forward wheels. By means of turn of the operated wheels and speed of the car intention of the direction of the movement of the driver which is continuously compared to the actual operating mode of the car is defined. At divergences, for example, the beginning of drift of the car, is automatically braked by the ESP device the corresponding wheel.
The device works in combination with ABS. At failure of ABS also ESP does not work. Switching off The ESP device turns on automatically at start of the engine and carries out self-diagnostics. If necessary the ESP device can be disconnected and turned on pressing of a key. At the switched-off device the control lamp of ESP, see Governing bodies and devices burns.
Usually the ESP device has to be always switched on. Only in certain exceptional cases in need of a probuksovyvaniye it makes sense to switch-off the device, namely: Electronic blocking of differential (EDS) Electronic blocking of differential prevents a probuksovyvaniye of the corresponding wheel. Introduction Under very adverse road conditions electronic blocking of differential (EDS) considerably facilitates or only thanks to it in general there is possible a start-off about places, dispersal and the movement uphill. Principle of action EDS works in the automatic mode, i.e. without participation of the driver. By means of sensors the ABS device controls the frequency of rotation of driving wheels. At a divergence of frequency of rotation of driving wheels (about 100 rpm), for example, on slippery not on all width to the road, the revolving wheel is braked, and the wheels having the best coupling with the road receive the increased draft force. EDS works at a speed about no more than 40 km/h (the forward drive) or 80 km/h (the full drive). Process of regulation is followed by characteristic noise. Start-off from a place At a wheel probuksovyvaniye, owing to a difference of coupling of driving wheels (for example, one wheel on ice), press an accelerator pedal until the car starts. Heating of the brake mechanism EDS is for a short time disconnected that the disk brake of the braking wheel at extraordinary high loading did not overheat. Thus the car is ready for operation and has the same dynamic properties, as the car without EDS. EDS automatically joins again right after cooling of the brake mechanism. Fire of a control lamp of ABS can mean also malfunction of EDS. Antiprobuksovochny system (ASR) Prevents a probuksovyvaniye of driving wheels at dispersal of the car. Introduction The Antiprobuksovochny system (ASR) is part of electronic antistrange system (ESP). Under adverse road conditions the antiprobuksovochny system (ASR) considerably facilitates or only thanks to it in general there is possible a start-off about places, dispersal and the movement uphill. Principle of action ASR works in the automatic mode, i.e. without participation of the driver. By means of sensors the ABS device controls the frequency of rotation of driving wheels. At a probuksovyvaniye of wheels there is a decrease in turns of the engine and by that the traction effort with road conditions is brought into accord. The device works in all range of speeds. ASR works together with ABS. At malfunction of ABS also ASR will not work. Condition of trouble-free operation of ASR. installation of the same tires on all four wheels of the car is. Unequal tires can lead to undesirable deceleration of power of the engine. Braking Introduction The factors which are negatively influencing brake effect. Wear Wear of overlays of brake shoes considerably is defined by service conditions and a manner of driving of the car. Wear is considerably accelerated at the frequent movement in city conditions and on small distances or at a sports manner of driving. Wet weather or road salt In certain situations, for example, after driving through water, at a heavy rain or after a wash of the car, the brake effect can be late because of moistening, and in the winter even to come frosting of brake slips or disks. In this case dry brakes a pritormazhivaniye. Delay of brake effect possibly also after a long break in use of brakes at the movement on roads, salted. First of all remove with a podtormazhivaniye a salt layer on brake disks and slips. Corrosion Emergence of corrosion of brake disks and pollution of slips are promoted by long idle standing of the car, insignificant run and low loadings of brake system. At low loading of brake system, and also at emergence of corrosion it is recommended to clean brake disks and slips rather strong repeated braking at an average speed of the car. Malfunction of brake system The sudden increase in the course of a brake pedal can speak refusal of one of contours of double-circuit brake system. Move slowly to repair, and on the road remember increase in effort to a pedal of a brake and increase in a brake way. Low level of brake fluid When falling level of brake fluid there can be malfunctions of brake system. Level of brake fluid is controlled by electronics. Never brake easy pressing a brake pedal if in it really there is no need. It conducts to an overheat of brakes and by that to increase in a brake way and the increased wear. At the long movement under a bias reduce previously speed, include the following low gear (a manual transmission) or the lowered range (automatic transmission). Thereby the brake effect of the engine is used and loading of brake system decreases. Brake in case of need with intervals, but it is not continuous. In case of additional installation of a forward spoiler or full-size caps of wheels make sure that data or any other components will not interfere with air intake to forward wheels. Otherwise the overheat of brake system is possible. * Vacuum amplifier of brakes The amplifier increases pressure when pressing a pedal of a brake. The amplifier operates only at the working engine. When the amplifier does not work, for example, because of his damage or need of towage of the car, the effort to a brake pedal has to be is much bigger the usual. Device of anti-blocking of brakes (ABS) ABS prevents blocking of wheels when braking. The device of anti-blocking of brake system (ABS) considerably promotes increase of active safety of the car. Decisive advantage of brake system with ABS in comparison with the usual is that wheels are not blocked even at the emergency braking on the slippery road. Thanks to it in the maximum degree controllability and stability of the car remains. It is impossible to count, however, that thanks to ABS the brake way will be less under any circumstances. At the movement on the gravel or new-fallen snow lying over the slippery road when it is already necessary to move extremely carefully and with the minimum speed, the brake way can even increase slightly. Principle of action of ABS At achievement of speed of the car of about 6 km/h there is an automatic process of control. At this time it it is possible to hear noise of operation of the pump. At tendency of a wheel to blocking pressure in the brake drive of this wheel decreases. This process of regulation is noticeable by a pulsation of a brake pedal and is followed by characteristic noise manifestations. Thereby to the driver the warning signal of work of one or several wheels in the mode close to a skid is specially given. For providing by means of ABS hold a pedal of a brake in this mode of optimum effect of regulation pressed and do not brake in some musclemen at all! About malfunction of ABS the control lamp, see Governing bodies and devices signals. Amplifier of the emergency braking The amplifier of the emergency braking promotes increase in brake force. The amplifier of the emergency braking helps increase in brake force and thus promotes reduction of a brake way. By very fast pressing of a pedal of a brake the amplifier of the emergency braking automatically brings brake force to blocking border (the beginning of action of ABS). Hold a pedal of a brake of the pressed. Right after a pedal otpuskaniye the amplifier of the emergency braking is automatically switched-off. In case of refusal the ABS amplifier of the emergency braking does not work. Power steering The amplifier facilitates driving. As a result for driving the driver needs to put only small effort. The amplifier operates only at the working engine. If the engine does not work, it is necessary to put much bigger effort to a steering wheel. Each full turn of wheels of the motionless car with the working engine is big loading for the amplifier and is followed by noise. Besides, thus rotation frequency when idling for a short time decreases. Turn of a steering wheel against the stop at the working engine should not proceed more than 15 seconds. Damage of the amplifier is possible! At failure of the amplifier or at the movement with the idle engine (towage) controllability the car completely remains. However it is necessary to put bigger effort to a steering wheel. The hydraulic system of the power steering is filled with special liquid for hydraulic systems. The filling tank is in the left part of podkapotny space, see the Head the Current leaving and service. Maintenance of normal level of liquid in the filling tank is important for no-failure operation of the power steering. Level is checked within inspection maintenance.
Servotronic system The electronic regulator of system operates the amplifier of the steering mechanism. On cars with Servotronic system the electronic regulator operates operation of the power steering depending on movement speed. At refusal of system the servotronik operability of the power steering remains. However efficiency of strengthening is not regulated according to movement speed any more. Failure of the electronic regulator is most obviously distinguished on unusual increase in effort to a steering wheel when maneuvering (i.e. at a small speed). Full drive The drive of the all-wheel drive car is carried out on all four wheels. Introduction The full drive of your car works completely in the automatic mode. The torque is distributed on all 4 wheels automatically in optimum compliance with dynamics of the movement of the car and specific road conditions. On all-wheel drive models engines of bigger power that defines extraordinary efficiency and excellent road performance as under normal conditions the carriageway, and in extreme conditions, during snow or ice are installed. For this reason it is necessary to follow safety rules surely. Winter tires All-wheel drive cars even with serial tires in winter conditions have high traction and dynamic qualities. Despite it, it is recommended to establish on all 4 wheels of the tire with winter drawing of a protector or the tire intended for any weather in the winter. Thanks to it first of all efficiency of braking improves. Antisliding chains The rules ordering obligatory use of antisliding chains extend as well on all-wheel drive cars. Replacement of tires On wheels of all-wheel drive cars it is necessary to install the same tires, see Specifications. Your Audi is not the car of the increased passability. The road gleam is for this purpose too small. Therefore avoid the movement on dirt roads. Catalytic converter Never develop fuel to an empty tank. Violation of supply of fuel can lead to interruptions in ignition. Because of it not burned down fuel gets to system of production of the fulfilled gases. It can lead to an overheat and damage of the catalytic converter. If the car was operated in the country in which there is no unleaded fuel, at its import to the country with obligatory existence of the catalytic converter surely replace the catalytic converter. Even one-time filling with ethylated gasoline conducts to deterioration of effect of operation of the catalytic converter. If during the movement of the car there are interruptions in ignition, falling of power and deterioration of uniformity of rotation of the engine, malfunction in system of ignition can be the reason for that. In this case not burned down fuel can get to system of production of the fulfilled gases, and from there to the atmosphere. Besides, the catalytic converter can fail from an overheat. At once reduce speed and check the car. Also at trouble-free operation of the catalytic converter, in certain power setting, in the fulfilled gases the sulfur smell can be felt. It depends on the content of sulfur in fuel. In this case gas station on other gas station or filling with unleaded fuel with octane number 98 or 95 can help. Departure on the car abroad Unleaded gasoline In other countries it can not appear unleaded fuel. In advance make sure available unleaded gasoline on the way. Fuel cars with the catalytic converter only the unleaded. Headlights At the movement on roads of the countries with the left-side movement the asymmetric passing beam of headlights will blind drivers of counter transport. Headlights (standard execution) In order to avoid dazzle stick with a lightproof adhesive tape the corresponding zones of lenses of headlights. Headlights with gas-discharge lamps (xenon light) * In order to avoid dazzle of drivers of counter transport readjustment of headlights is necessary. The asymmetric passing beam of your headlights lights the roadside on a strip of your movement more brightly. At the movement on roads of the countries with the left-side movement you will blind drivers of counter transport. How to avoid damages of the car?
It especially belongs to cars with lower arrangement of a running gear (a sports running gear) and at a full load of the car. Economically and ecologically optimum driving Introduction The personal manner of driving is an important factor. Fuel consumption, load of environment, wear of the engine, brakes and tires depend generally on three factors: The based on ability to expect and economic manner of driving give the chance with little effort to reduce fuel consumption by 10-15 percent. Be able to expect a situation on the road Avoid useless dispersals and braking. The greatest number of fuel spends the car at dispersal. Whenever possible move a setup, for example, if on the following traffic light red light burns. * Energy saving gear shifting Earlier switching on overgears saves fuel. Manual box of gear shifting The movement on the first transfer has to make the distance which is approximately corresponding to car length. Switch to the following overgear at turns 2000 in a minute. Automatic transmission Press on an accelerator pedal smoothly. Do not squeeze out a pedal against the stop (situation Kick-down). Effective way of economy of fuel is early switching on overgears. Avoid dispersal with completely squeezed out accelerator pedal Moderate speed protects fuel. Fuel consumption in l / 100 km and speed in km/h Speed has to be much less maximum. In process of accumulation of speed there is a superproportional increase in fuel consumption, harmful emissions and noise level. On an illustration the ratio of fuel consumption and speed in the top range of speeds is shown. The movement of your car with a speed only three quarters from maximum twice cuts fuel consumption. Reduce work duration on idling On idling fuel is also spent. It is expedient to suppress the engine in a transport stopper, at railway crossings and on traffic lights with long cycles of inclusion of red light. Switching off of the engine for 30-40 seconds saves more fuel, than its is required for the subsequent start of the engine. Warming up of the engine idling takes away a lot of time. And at a stage of warming up intensity of wear of the engine and level of toxicity of emissions are especially high. Therefore as soon as the engine was started, at once begin the movement, avoiding thus the raised turns. Regular maintenance Badly adjusted engine spends more fuel. Pass regularly maintenance.
During filling the car check also oil level. The oil consumption in many respects depends on loading and turns of the engine. The oil consumption depending on a manner of driving can make to 0.5l/1000km. The oil consumption in an essential measure depends on loading and number of turns of the engine. Normally, if the oil consumption is established by the new engine at the minimum level only after work during certain time. Therefore authentically it is possible to judge an oil consumption only after run of the first 5000 km. Use of oils with the improved antifrictional properties also gives the chance of additional economy of fuel. Avoid trips on short distances The movement on short distances means unfairly big fuel consumption.
Fuel consumption (l / 100 km) at the movement on identical distance (km) at a temperature of +20 °C and -10 °C. In the winter the car always spends more fuel, than in the summer. After start of the cold engine avoid the movement on distance less than 4 km. Effective decrease in fuel consumption and issue of harmful substances requires the optimum working temperature of the engine and catalytic converter. The cold engine of the car of middle class spends right after start about 30-40 liters of fuel for 100 km. Approximately through one kilometer the expense decreases to 20 liters by 100 km. Only approximately through four kilometers the engine reaches working temperature and the expense is normalized. Proceeding from it it is necessary to avoid by all means trips on short distances. Powerful factor in this regard is also surrounding temperature. Check air pressure in tires Standard pressure in tires saves fuel. Always watch on the standard pressure of air in tires. Pressure decrease only on 0.5 atm. increases fuel consumption to 5 percent. Besides, pressure drop below norm conducts owing to increase in resistance to swing to the accelerated wear of tires. At the same time dynamic properties of the car worsen. Check pressure of air always on cold tires. Do not use all the year round winter tires since they more a shumna also increase fuel consumption to 10 percent. Do not carry a useless ballast Transportation of a ballast means fuel consumption. Do not carry a useless ballast. Each additional kilogram increases fuel consumption. Therefore it is recommended to a thicket to look in a luggage carrier not to carry a useless ballast. Often for convenience the luggage carrier on a roof though in it there is no need is not removed. As a result of the increased aerodynamic resistance your car with not loaded luggage carrier on a roof, at a speed of 100-120 km/h, spends already approximately for 12 percent of fuel more. Save the electric power The more in the car it is included consumers of the electric power, the load of the generator and the more fuel consumption is stronger. Fuel consumption control For control of fuel consumption get the diary. You will be able to reveal in due time changes (positive and negative) and if necessary to take the appropriate measures. At detection of too big fuel consumption it is necessary to consider, as where and under what conditions you went after the last gas station of the car. Ecological properties of the car Constructive measures for industrial processing The design of connections which is coming easy dismantle. The simplified dismantle thanks to the modular principle of assembly. The improved purity of grades of the applied materials. Marking of all large-size plastic details according to the recommendation of VDA 260 (Association of automotive industry of Germany). Use of materials Use of reusable materials is much more effective. Refusal of use of ftorkhloristy hydrocarbons for conditioner coolant. Application in knots of the same plastic. Use of the recycled materials. Refusal of use of cadmium. Refusal of use of asbestos. Reduction of release of volatiles of synthetic materials. Production Use of the recycled materials at production of synthetic details. Refusal of use of solvents at preservation of cavities of a body. Preservation of the car before shipment without use of solvents. Use of the thermofusible glue which is not containing solvents. Refusal of use of ftorkhloristy hydrocarbons at production of the car. Much more effective use of residual materials for energy production and auxiliary construction materials. Reduction of volume of sewage. Use of heatregeneration installations. Use of water-soluble varnishes. |
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